To block sunlight and increase the amino acid content, the tea leaves used for matcha are covered for approximately 20 days before they are plucked. Among the different types of green teas, matcha is characterized by its ingredients. Green tea is made from tea leaves ( Camellia sinensis L.). However, it is not clear which cognitive functions caffeine influences, and studies have not elucidated whether the effects of single component caffeine and complex component matcha differ. We assumed that this effect also included the effects of caffeine. Thus far, we have shown that continuous matcha intake may slow the decline in cognitive function in older adults. It is thought to affect many psychological functions. Stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors occurs indirectly through the blockade of adenosine receptors, especially A2A receptors. It also stimulates dopamine D2 receptors in the brain. High concentrations of caffeine reduce and inhibit phosphodiesterase activity, which is required to regulate neural activity. This is thought to be caused by exciting neural circuits that project from the basal ganglia to the striatum and cerebral cortex. When caffeine blocks adenosine binding to the adenosine receptor, nerve cells become excited. Adenosine receptors regulate the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. Caffeine blocks the adenosine A 2A receptor, resulting in the secondary promotion of the excitatory neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft. There are several mechanisms of action by which caffeine affects psychological function. It has also been shown to enhance physical performance. In humans, caffeine intake has been shown to shorten reaction time and reduce mental fatigue in cognitive function tests. Animal studies have shown improved chronic stress-related behavior. The effects of caffeine on performance and mood have been extensively evaluated. Tea is a beverage that is consumed worldwide, and green tea accounts for 1/4 of tea sales. Ingesting matcha with caffeine improves both attention and work performance when suffering from psychological stress compared with caffeine alone. The matcha group showed an increase in the amount of work after continuous intake, whereas the caffeine group only showed an increase in the amount of work for the UKT after a single dose. The reduced reaction time in the Cognitrax, observed following a single dose of matcha, was likely due to caffeine. A single dose of caffeine improved attentional function during or after stress loading. The Uchida–Kraepelin test (UKT) was used to induce mild acute stress, and the Cognitrax was used to evaluate cognitive function. The effect of single and continuous intake was compared, and the usefulness of continuous intake was evaluated under the stress condition. The study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000036578). This study aimed to compare the effects of matcha and caffeine and clarify the differences between these effects. We previously examined the ability of matcha to improve cognitive function in older adults and determined that continuous matcha intake improves attention and executive function. Matcha, a type of green tea, has a higher amino acid content than other types of tea.
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